The review indicated that selected COVID-19 vaccines have a good safety profile and elicited a strong immune response in children and adolescents, with one RCT showing 100% efficacy for BNT162b2.
The study found that seroprevalence increased from 9.1% during the pre-omicron wave to 49.7% during the omicron wave, indicating a significant rise in infection-induced immunity among children.
The vaccine demonstrated a robust immune response, with over 100-fold increase in anti-S IgG and over 84-fold increase in neutralizing antibodies from baseline. The seroconversion rate was ≥98% for anti-S IgG and ≥97.9% for neutralizing antibodies in both age groups, indicating high immunogenicity and non-inferiority to adult responses.
The safety profile of BNT162b2 in children under 5 was comparable to that of on-label non-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, with lower probabilities of general symptoms and fever post-vaccination.
The immune response and efficacy of the vaccines were found to be 96% – 100% in healthy children and adolescents, with acceptable results in those with underlying diseases.
The RTS,S vaccine successfully induced CSP-specific IgG antibodies that promoted phagocytosis and cellular immune responses, although the magnitude of these responses was modest and declined within a year post-vaccination.
Improved care for sick children through family involvement and enhanced parental skills.
The study found that DC did not significantly decrease overall mortality or rates of poor outcomes. However, children above six years of age may experience some benefits from the procedure, as indicated by lower than predicted mortality rates in this subgroup.
IVIG combined with methylprednisolone showed better clinical efficacy in MIS-C patients with severe symptoms compared to IVIG alone. Remdesivir and glucocorticoids have potential benefits but require further investigation.
Improvements in gait patterns and motor control can lead to reduced metabolic power demands, potentially decreasing fatigue and increasing physical activity levels in children with CP.
The meta-analysis indicated that CBT for anxiety was effective in reducing anxiety symptoms in autistic individuals, with moderate certainty in parent- and clinician-reported outcomes. The overall evidence for feasibility and acceptability of the identified strategies was positive, suggesting that many adaptations are simple and reasonable to implement.
Increased awareness and knowledge among health practitioners can lead to improved treatment practices for HBV in children, potentially reducing the incidence of chronic carriers.
Higher concentrations of specific HMOs (2’FL and LNFP I) were associated with malaria-free outcomes, while other HMOs were linked to asymptomatic and severe malaria. The study suggests that HMOs may contribute to clinical immunity against malaria in breastfeeding children.
Significant reduction in the incidence of severe suicide ideation among children and adolescents after 0.5-year and 1-year follow-ups, with particularly positive effects observed in underrepresented groups.
The identification of a specific Vβ21.3 T cell expansion in MIS-C patients suggests a distinct immunological profile that could aid in diagnosis and treatment. The study indicates that immunomodulating therapies may effectively address the superantigenic activation and improve patient outcomes.
The systematic review found no statistically significant reduction in the duration of diarrhea or the occurrence of diarrheal episodes after zinc supplementation in children from high-income countries.
Parents who had received the flu vaccine in 2020, possessed greater knowledge about COVID-19 vaccines, and had increased trust in the vaccines and government information were more likely to intend to vaccinate their children.
Children who played RW showed improved rhythmic abilities and executive functioning compared to controls, with improvements positively related to the duration of gameplay.
The study aims to identify effective nurturing care practices that can improve the developmental outcomes of children with NDDs. It seeks to raise awareness of the unmet needs of these children and provide recommendations for interventions that enhance the quality of care.
Overall satisfaction with teletherapy was positive, with parents reporting higher satisfaction than therapists. Benefits included parents' empowerment and a better understanding of their children's needs.
Significant vaccine effectiveness was observed: 65.3% for 1 dose of BNT162b2, 86.1% for 2 doses of CoronaVac against hospitalization in children; 93.1% and 95.8% effectiveness against moderate-to-severe disease after 2 doses of BNT162b2 and CoronaVac, respectively.
Successful OSA management significantly improved systolic blood pressure (SBP) in hypertensive patients, with CPAP showing a greater improvement compared to surgical treatment. No significant impact on body mass index (BMI) was observed in obese patients.
Raising awareness about the use of ORS among caregivers could significantly reduce morbidity and mortality associated with malnutrition and diarrhea, improving overall health outcomes for under-5 children.
The study found that 85.8% of children completed the MR vaccination, indicating a significant portion of the population is protected against measles and rubella. Increased awareness among caregivers about the vaccination schedule was associated with lower odds of incompletion.
Vaccination significantly boosted the waning SARS-CoV-2 variant cross-reactive IgG antibodies in children with a history of MIS-C, maintaining elevated antibody levels for at least 3 months. It also conferred an advantage in generating neutralizing and functional ADCC antibodies against the Omicron variant compared to previously healthy children and those with a history of COVID-19.
The study found no significant changes in alpha or beta diversity of the microbiome after treatment, and no increase in C. difficile toxins was detected, suggesting that gastric acid suppression did not adversely affect the microbiome in the short term.
High levels of agreement with basic BGT among parents, with 84.1% acceptance for tell-show-do in non-SHCN children and 89.1% for the same technique in SHCN children. Overall, parents showed more acceptance for basic techniques compared to advanced ones.
Significant reduction in PM and CO exposures among children in the intervention group, with 75% below WHO guideline for PM compared to 26% in the control group.
Corticosteroid therapy has been shown to shorten the time to clinical stability, reduce the duration of fever, and decrease hospital stay in children with community-acquired pneumonia.
The study found varying rates of protective response to hepatitis B vaccination among children on different ART regimens, with the highest response rate of 75% in those on AZT-3TC-LPV/r, compared to 92% in the control group.
Improved accuracy in maternal weight perception may lead to healthier feeding practices, potentially reducing the risk of childhood obesity.
Overall, caregivers reported that the disclosure process was a positive experience, leading to improved communication and emotional outcomes for both caregivers and children.
The study found that COVID-19 is usually mild in children, with rare severe outcomes. Most patients recovered without severe complications, and the overall mortality rate was low.
The treatment with bumetanide resulted in a significant reduction in the severity of ASD symptoms as measured by CARS and CGI-I scores, demonstrating its safety and efficacy in improving core symptoms of ASD in young children.
Identifying risk factors for aggression can help design preventive strategies. The study found that boys from abusive families and those exposed to violence on television are particularly at risk, indicating a need for targeted interventions.
Overall improvement in QI-Disability scores after 6 and 12 months of participation, with statistically significant improvements noted in the positive emotions domain. Parents reported progress towards personal goals for their children, indicating enhanced wellbeing and quality of life.